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Present Participle ( V ing) adalah bentuk kata kerja pertama ditambahkan –ing (V1 + ing) yang bisa berfungsi sebagai adjective/adverb. Sebagai adjectives/kata sifat berarti sebagai penjelas kata benda. Sedangkan berfungsi sebagai adverb maka present participle berperan sebagai penjelas kalimat.
Past participle (V3)adalah bentuk kata kerja ketiga (V3) yang juga berfungsi sebagai adjective dan adverb—sama halnya dengan Present Participle.
PRESENT PARTICIPLE ( V ing ) untuk kalimat aktif, sehingga disebut juga Active Participle.
a. Reduced Adjective Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adjective Clause)
Noun V ing …. = Noun who/which V1 s/es
= Noun who/which V2
= Noun who/which to be + V ing
Contoh:
1. The man standing under the tree are looking at me = The man who is standing…..
2. I know the man stealing my money yesterday = ….The man who stole …
3. The water consisting of Hydrogen and Oxygen is very important = The water which consists….
b. Reduced Specific Adverbial Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adverbial Clause tertentu)
Penyingkatan di sini dapat terjadi hanya dengan syarat bahwa Subjek pada adverbial clause = Subjek pada main clause
V ing…, S1 V = When/While S1 V…, S1 V
= Because/since/as/for S1 V…, S1 V
Contoh:
While Rina was waiting for the bus, Rina read newspaper
(= waiting for the bus, Rina read newspaper)
Because I love you so much, I give everything you want.
( = Loving you so much, I give everything you want)
Because Mr. Is9ni is clever, He has many fans in this class.
( = Being clever, Mr. Is9ni has many fans in this class)
Having V3…., S1 V = After S1 have/has V3, S1 V1s/es
= After S1 had V3, S1 V2
Contoh:
After I had eaten, I studied English.
(= Having eaten, I studied English)
After we had come to an agreement, we signed the MoU.
(=Having come to an agreement, we signed the MoU)
After the students had completed the test, they handed in their papers and left the room.
(= Having completed the test, they handed in their papers and left the room.)
PAST PARTICIPLE ( V 3 ) untuk kalimat pasif, sehingga disebut juga Passive Participle.
a. Reduced Adjective Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adjective Clause)
Noun V3 ….= Noun who/which to be V3….
Contoh:
1. A truck which was loaded with vegetables hit a tree = A truck loaded….
2. The window which was broken by Edy has not been repaired yet. = The window broken by…
3. I know the man who was caught by the police. = …..the man caught by….
b. Reduced Specific Adverbial Clause (Penyingkatan pada Adverbial Clause tertentu)
Penyingkatan di sini dapat terjadi hanya dengan syarat bahwa Subjek pada adverbial clause = Subjek pada main clause
V3…, S1 V = When/While S1 to be V3…, S1 V
= Because/since/as/for S1 to be V3…, S1 V
Contoh:
When she was sent a flower by her boyfriend, Shella felt very excited
(= sent a flower by her boyfriend, Shella felt very excited)
Because Adi was n’t given much money, he was very disappointed.
( = Not given much money, Adi was very disappointed.)
As it is surrounded by mountains, the city has a cool climate .
( = surrounded by mountains, the city has a cool climate.)
Having Been V3…., S1 V = After S1 have/has been V3, S1 V1s/es
= After S1 had been V3, S1 V2
Contoh:
After I had been told about what happened, I knew that it’s not her mistake.
(= Having been told about what happened, I knew that it’s not her mistake)
He decided to give up fighting after he had been defeated three times in a row.
(= Having been defeated three times in a row, he decided to give up fighting)
PROBLEM SET
01. Consuming a preserved food, Deby becomes fat. The underlined word means…
(A) After Deby had consumed
(B) When Deby consumes
(C) While Deby is consuming
(D) Because Deby consumes
(E) Although Deby consumes
02. This house ... by my grand father long time ago is very antique.
(A) had been built
(B) is built
(C) has been built
(D) will be built
(E) built
03. Having a unique architecture,….
(A) A lot of tourists came to see the temple
(B) The temple attracts a lot of tourists
(C) The government renewed the temple
(D) The tourists admired the temple
(E) The architects were interested in the temple
04. The book ... blue cover is mine
(A) has
(B) to have
(C) having
(D) which has
(E) C and D are right
05. Having been trained for a month,….
(A) The chemical factory hired the employee
(B) There was no employees at the factory
(C) The employees were placed at the chemical factory
(D) No employee was placed at the chemical factory
(E) Placing employees at the factory was difficult
06. ....the test successfully, Ady was accepted at the company.
(A) Having done
(B) Having been done
(C) Being done
(D) Done
(E) Do
07. Interested in what the salesman said,….
(A) He offered all the things he had
(B) She bought all the things he offered
(C) All the things he offered were bought
(D) She offered him to buy all the things
(E) He was bought all the things
08. ….near beautiful beach, the town soon becomes a popular tourist resort.
(A) Situation
(B) It is situated
(C) Situating
(D) Situated
(E) Situates
09. ….her mistake, the stewardess immediately apologized to the passenger.
(A) Realized
(B) Realizing
(C) In realizing
(D) She realized
(E) Realizes
10. ….a few million rupiahs, he went on tour to Paris
(A) Saved
(B) Have saved
(C) He has saved
(D) Having saved.
(E) Having been saved
11. Having won the first winner ,…..
(A) The jury gave him a scholarship
(B) His friends congratulated him
(C) He was given a scholarship
(D) His mother was so proud of him
(E) A scholarship was given to him
12. ….by the sudden noise, the baby woke up and cried.
(A) Startled
(B) In startling
(C) It is startling
(D) To be startled
(E) Startling
13. ….that the students were cheating, Mr. Is9ni was very angry
(A) known
(B) to know
(C) knew
(D) although he knew
(E) knowing
14. ….his explanation, the teacher asked the students questions.
(A) Finished.
(B) He finished.
(C) Finishing.
(D) To be finished.
(E) Having finished.
15. Running down the stairs, Mia slipped and broke her leg. The underlined words means…
(A) While Mia was running.
(B) Mia was running.
(C) As Mia would run.
(D) After she had run.
(E) In order that she could run.
16. Not wanting to take risk of missing the train, we went to the station very early. The underlined words means: …did not want to take a risk of missing the train, we went to the station very early.
(A) Although I
(B) When we
(C) Because we
(D) Because I
(E) After we
17. Having good performance in the previous championship,…
(A) The government gave him reward.
(B) KONI asked him to represent Indonesia in SEAGAMES.
(C) The spectators expected him to take part in SEAGAMES.
(D) The athlete was asked to join in SEAGAMES.
(E) People suggested that he represent Indonesia in SEAGAMES.
18. ….on all stations, the news soon spread to all over Bandarlampung areas
(A) Broadcast
(B) It is broadcasting
(C) Broadcasting
(D) Broadcasts
(E) Broadcasted
19. Walking down the street, I found a wallet. The underlined words means…
(A) If I was walking
(B) When I was walking
(C) When I am walking
(D) Although I was walking
(E) Because I was walking
20. Having finished their exams,….
(A) The books must be returned to the library
(B) The students must return the books to the library
(C) It is required that the students return the books to the library
(D) Tuti must return her books to the library
(E) The library requires the students
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