Formula of PASSIVE VOICE Rumus kalimat Pasip

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klimat aktif merupakan kalimat yang subjek kalimatnya adalah pelaku sebuah tindakan, sedangkan kalimat pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya bukan pelaku suatu tindakan. Si subjek adalah si penerima akibat dari sebuah tindakan.

Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:

• Aktif : Susi mengetik surat ini kemarin
• Pasif : Surat ini diketik oleh Susi kemarin
• Aktif : Kucingku membunuh seekor tikus
• Pasif : Seekor tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku

Catatan:

Gunakan bentuk pasif jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu penting.

Contoh:

• Menara ini dibangun tahun 1955

Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan, gunakan kata oleh (by)

Contoh:

• Menara ini telah dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955

Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif

• Aktif : S + Verb (Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll
• Pasif : Objek + to be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll

To be yang digunakan

1. Present : is, am, are
2. Past : was, were
3. Perfect : been (di depan have, has, atau had)
4. Future : be (setelah modals)
5. Continuous : being (di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)

Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasif, tenses tidak berubah. Tenses harus sama dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Yang berubah hanya kata kerja-nya.
2. Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll.

Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif

1. Jack sings a song (active)
2. A song is sung by Jack (Passive)

1. Jack sang a song yesterday (active)
2. A song was sung by Jack yesterday (passive)

1. Jack has sung a song (active)
2. A song has been sung by Jack (passive)

1. Jack will sing a song (active)
2. A song will be sung by Jack (passive)

1. Jack is singing a song (active)
2. A song is being sung by Jack (passive)

1. Jack can sing a song (active)
2. A song can be sung by Jack (passive)

Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive

1) Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III

• Help the poor (active)
• Let the poor be helped (passive) 

2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time

Rumus:

It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III

• It is time to send the letter (active)
• It is time for the letter to be sent (passive)

3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence

Rumus:

Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive

(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)

• Don�t wait for me (active)
• You are advised not to wait for me (passive)

4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception

Rumus

Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III

(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)

• This food tastes delicious (active)
• This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive)

5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by �that-clause�

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.

• We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
• It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)

6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements

• I consider her very pretty (active)
• She is considered very pretty (passive)

7) Passive Sentence with two objects

• He gave me a book (active)
• A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
• I was given a book by him (passive 2)

8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs

• The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
• The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)

9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence

Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.

• We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
• I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.

10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs

Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need

• This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
• This wall needs painting.

Passive Voice

The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.

Construction of the Passive Voice

The structure of the passive voice is very simple:

subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)

The main verb is always in its past participle form.

Look at these examples:

subject	auxiliary verb (to be)		main verb (past participle)
Water	is		drunk	by everyone.
100 people	are		employed	by this company.
I	am		paid	in euro.
We	are	not	paid	in dollars.
Are	they		paid	in yen?

Use of the Passive Voice

We use the passive when:

• we want to make the active object more important
• we do not know the active subject

	subject	verb	object
give importance to active object (President Kennedy)	President Kennedy	was killed	by Lee Harvey Oswald.
active subject unknown	My wallet	has been stolen.	?

Note that we always use by to introduce the passive object (Fish are eaten by cats).

Look at this sentence:

• He was killed with a gun.

Normally we use by to introduce the passive object. But the gun is not the active subject. The gun did not kill him. He was killed by somebody with a gun. In the active voice, it would be: Somebody killed him with a gun. The gun is the instrument. Somebody is the "agent" or "doer".

Conjugation for the Passive Voice

We can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. So, for example:

• present simple: It is made
• present continuous: It is being made
• present perfect: It has been made

Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:

infinitive		to be washed
simple	present	It is washed.
	past	It was washed.
	future	It will be washed.
	conditional	It would be washed.
continuous	present	It is being washed.
	past	It was being washed.
	future	It will be being washed.
	conditional	It would be being washed.
perfect simple	present	It has been washed.
	past	It had been washed.
	future	It will have been washed.
	conditional	It would have been washed.
perfect continuous	present	It has been being washed.
	past	It had been being washed.
	future	It will have been being washed.
	conditional	It would have been being washed.

                     

Passive voice yaitu suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subject tidak melakukan tindakan namun dikenai tindakan. Yang perlu dipahami adalah bahwasanya antara kalimat active yang diubah menjadi kalimat passive tidak merubah arti kalimat. Selain itu, hanya kalimat yang berobjek atau “Transitive Verbs” yang bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif yaitu dengan cara menempatkan subjek kalimat aktif menjadi objek pada kalimat pasif ataupun sebaliknya menempatkan objek kalimat pasif menjadi subjek pada kalimat pasif.

		SUMMARY:

1.Basic Pattern of Passive :  TO BE  +  V3

2.   Active     :  S          +         V            +     O    menjadi:

      Passive  : S (Object pada kalimat aktip)       +      To Be + V3           +     by O            (subjet pada kalimat aktif)

3.   TO BE bisa diturunkan menjadi AM, IS, ARE (Present) WAS, WERE (Past) BEEN (Perfect). 

4.  … Being (…continuous) dan BE ( After Modal).

Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini!

Simple present

a.   Active     : We eat rice every day. (s+v1 s/es + o)

b.   Passive  : Rice is eaten every day by us.(S +is/am/are+o)

Simple Past

a.   Active     : Bob mailed the letter yesterday.

b.   Passive  : The letter was mailed yesterday by Bob yesterday.

Present Perfect

a.   Active     : She has bought some apples.

b.   Passive  : Some apples have been bought by her.

Present Continuous

a.   Active     : I am reading a book now

b.   Passive  : A book is being read now by me

After Modal

a.   Active     : Mrs. Sri will take some money

b.   Passive  : Some money will be taken by her

Kalimat a dan b pada masing-masing contoh di atas bermakna sama.

DIRECT and INDIRECT OBJECT

Sebuah kalimat yang mempunyai dua buah objek sekaligus yaitu Direct Object/DO (biasanya benda) dan Indirect Object /IO(biasanya orang), harus berpola :

a.   S + V + IO + DO  

Contoh :

My father gives me a book.

The passive form is : I am given a book by my father

b.   S  +  V  +  DO  for/to   IO

Contoh :

My father gives a book for me

The passive form is : A book is given for me by my father

PROBLEM SET 8

01. Tomorrow the car… by my mother.

(A)                                       will be driven

(B)                                      is driven

(C)                                       has been driven

(D)                                      was driven

(E)                                       will be being driven

02. This house ... by my grand father long time ago.

(A)                                                                       had been built      

(B)                                                                       is built

(C)                                                                       has been built      

(D)                                                                       will be built

(E)                                                                       was built

03. I gave him some money. The passive form is…

(A)   Some money was given by him for me

(B)  Some money was given by me for him

(C)   Some money was given to me

(D)  Some money was given to him

(E)   I was given by him some money

04. The book ... and I understand it now.

(A)   will be read

(B)  will have been read

(C)   was read

(D)  had been read

(E)   has been read

05. The tax ... every month.

(A)   must be paid        

(B)  would be paid         

(C)   should be paid

(D)  had to be paid

(E)   shall be paid

06. The patient ... by the doctor at this time tomorrow.

(A)   will be operated

(B)  will be being operated

(C)   will have been operated

(D)  will have been being operated

(E)   will be operating

07. The tiger ... in the cage in our zoo for two years.

(A)   will be put

(B)  has been put

(C)   is put                     

(D)  had been put

(E)   was put

08. America ... four hundred years ago.

(A)   discovered

(B)  will be discovered

(C)   had discovered

(D)  was discovered

(E)   was being discovered

09. We like Mr. Dhany very much. We ... English by him for three years.

(A)   are teaching

(B)  have been taught

(C)   have been teaching             

(D)  have taught                     

(E)   were being taught

10. The monument over there ... in 1965.

(A)   built

(B)  were built

(C)   is built                   

(D)  was being built.

(E)   was built

11. The furniture ... when we arrived.

(A)   sold

(B)  had been sold

(C)   is sold             

(D)  is being sold

(E)   has been sold

12. Before I came, my television ... by the thief.

(A)   stole

(B)  had been stolen

(C)   steals              

(D)  stealing

(E)   has been stolen

13. His antique motor car ... two months ago.

(A)   is sold

(B)  had been sold

(C)   was sold               

(D)  will be sold

(E)   has been sold

14. They took the children to the park. We can also say ....

(A)   The children are taken to the park.

(B)  The children were taken to the park.

(C)   They are taken to the park.

(D)  They were taken the children to the park.

(E)   The children were taken to the park by them.

15. They are building a new garage near here. That sentence is the same meaning as ....

(A)   Here is being built by them.

(B)  A new garage is building by them here.

(C)   A new garage is being built by them near here.

(D)  A new garage is being built near here.

(E)   A new garage was being built near here.

16. "Nobody can do such a thing."

The passive form is…

(A)   Such a thing can be done by anybody.

(B)  A thing can be done by anybody.

(C)   A such thing can be done by somebody.

(D)  Such   a   thing   can't   be   done   by somebody

(E)   Such a thing can't be done by anybody.

17. What is  the  active form  of "English is spoken in the US"?

(A)   People in the US speak English.

(B)  In the US speak English.

(C)   Everybody speak English in the US.

(D)  Everybody spoke English in the US.

(E)   People in the US speaks English.

18. She has picked some flowers.

The passive voice of the above sentence is…

(A)   Some flowers have been picked.

(B)  Some flowers have picked.

(C)   She has been picked.

(D)  She was picked by some flowers.

(E)   Some flowers picked her.

19. The letter is short, it can  ...  in three minutes.

(A)   write

(B)  be written

(C)   wrote                      

(D)  is written

(E)   to write

20. The general election…next month

(A)   is held

(B)  will be held

(C)   has been held

(D)  is being held

(E)   was being held

21. I shall leave the key under the mat. We can also say ....

(A)   I shall be leave the key under the mat.

(B)  I shall be left the key under the mat.

(C)   The key shall be leave under the mat.

(D)  The key shall left under the mat.

(E)   The key shall be left by me under the mat.

22. The wedding party ... in "Horizon Hotel" now.

(A)   is celebrated

(B)  is being celebrated

(C)   was celebrated

(D)  has been celebrated     

(E)   has been being celebrated

23. The letter ... by Tommy last week.

(A)   is received

(B)  was received

(C)   has been received

(D)  had been received

(E)   will have been received

24. The robbers ... to death last week.

(A)   were shot

(B)  have been shot

(C)   are shot

(D)  had been shot

(E)   will be shot

25. Jana    :   "You're not driving your car."  

            Yana   :   "No,…”

(A)   It's repaired.

(B)  It was repaired.

(C)   It's been repaired.

(D)  It's being repaired.

(E)   It will have been repaired.

26. Yesterday they ... to do all chapters.

(A)   have been asked   

(B)  had been asked

(C)   were asked

(D)  are asked

(E)   was asked

27. She ... this time tomorrow.

(A)   will be operated on

(B)  will have been operated on

(C)   will be being operated on 

(D)  will being operated

(E)   is operated on

28. The tiger ... in the cage for one year.

(A)   has been kept        

(B)  was kept

(C)   was being kept      

(D)  have been kept

(E)   has be kept

29. My uncle's house ... last night.

(A)   has been broken into

(B)  was being broken into

(C)   had been broken into

(D)  were broken into

(E)   was broken into

30. The book ... for two weeks.

(A)   is borrow

(B)  has been borrowed

(C)   have been borrowed

(D)  has borrowed             

(E)   have been borrow 

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